K&N Engineering, Inc.

K&N Engineering, Inc. is a manufacturer of automobile parts that is best known for its namesake air filter. It is headquartered in Riverside,California.

K&N Engineering was founded by Ken Johnson and Norm McDonald. K&N Engineering became known for its performance air filters for motorcycles and racing vehicles. K&N air filters were first used by off-road racers. The extremely dirty conditions in off-road racing quickly clogged the paper filters that were available at the time. K&N's filter technology was applied to automotive applications. K&N manufactures the majority of its products in-house.

K&N's air filter is an automotive air filter constructed of cotton gauze material sandwiched between aluminium wire mesh. The filter withstands repeated washings unlike paper filters. After washing, the filter is treated with an oil. Introduced in 1969 by K&N Engineering, Inc., the company states that owners can drive for 50,000 to 100,000 miles between cleaning and claims a million mile warranty.
K&N offers several lines of cold air intake systems. K&N product lines include Fuel Injection Performance Kits, AirCharger Intake Systems, Typhoon Intake Systems, and High Flow Intakes.

Paper vs K&N

To meet minimum filtration standards, paper air filters must be thick and/or the fibers must be tightly compressed and dense. Therefore paper elements that provide adequate filtration are more restrictive to air flow by design. Additionally, as a paper filter becomes more and more clogged, the pressure inside the filter drops while the atmospheric air pressure (approximately 14.7 psia at sea level) outside the filter remains the same. It’s like using your lungs to draw the air out of a plastic milk bottle. When the pressure differential becomes too great, the bottle will collapse. The same thing could happen to your paper filter, although it is unlikely. But what will happen could be just as severe. An excessively high pressure differential created by a restricted filter can literally pull dirt particles through the paper medium. In other words, the performance of a paper filter, i.e. air flow through the filter and its ability to protect your engine, DECREASES near the end of its service interval.



Disposable Paper Air Filter

1. 
   Pleated wood pulp bonded together.
2. 
   As dirt builds, passages are plugged and filter must be replaced in approximately 10,000 miles.
3. 
   Irregular passages filter out dirt on a go/no go basis.
4. 
   As fibers swell from moisture or oil blow-by vacuum pressure increases and airflow decreases.
5. 
   Turbulent filtered air.

Typical Foam Air Filter

1. 
   Lack of surface area hinders air flow and dirt holding capacity. Open cell foam usually saturated with oil.
2. 
   Dirt builds on outside and blocks the openings.
3. 
   Higher vacuum pressures distort the cells drawing dirt deeper into the filter.
4. 
   Airflow is reduced as cells become blocked.
5. 
   Turbulent filtered air.
   

K&N vs. Disposable Filter Life

Stop Throwing Away Your Air Filter!One K&N air filter will last the life of your vehicle. Assuming you drive your vehicle 150,000 miles and bought and installed a disposable filter every 15,000 miles, you would throw away 10 disposable air filters.

Some important tips about K&N Filterchargers

Service Interval

A K&N Filtercharger is a high-performance air filter, both in terms of air flow and filtration. However, the service interval can vary widely depending on the severity of the driving conditions. The service interval can be from 100 miles in a desert-racing environment to 50,000 miles for normal street use. The proper way to determine when an air filter needs service is with an air restriction gauge. Such a device is commonly used on heavy duty trucks and construction equipment. A restriction gauge, measures the pressure differential inside and outside the filter and gives the information in different forms of measurement. As the filter collects more and more dirt, the restriction value increases. At a predetermined point or rate of restriction, the filter is serviced. The maximum allowable restriction for a K&N Filtercharger is 15" of vacuum (water). If the restriction is allowed to go higher, the filter media might become so restricted that the element could distort allowing dirty air to bypass the filter and enter the engine. Conversely, cleaning a filter too often will shorten its serviceable life expectancy. Installing a restriction gauge will optimize service intervals and take the guess work out of your maintenance schedule.

Service Life

A K&N Filtercharger can be washed up to 25 times before it is considered no longer serviceable. Even though the filter may not show outward signs of deterioration, it should be replaced after 25 washings. Excessive washings will deplete the tiny cotton hairs that crisscross the openings. The resulting damage will allow tiny dust particles to pass through.

Fit and Finish

When installing a K&N filter, check all gaskets, clamps and seams for damage and/or deterioration. Check the filter's sealing surface. Do not install a filter if the seal shows signs of damage or deterioration. Check for cracks in the air box, particularly at the seams and around the corners. Such defects could cause air leakage around the filter. Also, check to insure the filter is sealing properly in the air box. A plastic air box can warp from age or continuous heat cycling. Apply a thin layer of filter grease on both sides of the seal each time the filter is installed. An impression in the grease will indicate a positive seal. Check any lines or hoses connected to the air box or adjoining hoses leading to the engine. Engine oil in the air box, resulting from excessive blow-by, will cause the filter to shrink and possibly lose its seal. Clean any dust or debris out of the air box with a damp cloth, making sure nothing enters the air inlet while the filter is out. Never start the engine without the filter in place. Use only K&N Air Filter Cleaner to clean your filter. Harsh household cleaners can damage the cotton material and/or the rubber seal. Check the outside of the medium for broken wires, rips or tears. Do not use an element that shows signs of damage or wear. Use K&N Air Filter Sealing Grease on the sealing surface that contacts the air box. Do not use sealing grease on clamp-on type filters. If a filter is especially difficult to install, it will come with an instruction sheet explaining the correct installation procedure. Keep the instruction sheet with the vehicle for reference anytime the filter is removed. It is very important the filter be installed correctly. The filter can be positioned in the base or the lid, whichever is more convenient and makes the installation easier. Do not use excessive force to install a filter.

5 types of modifications in pulsar

Lamborghini Motorbike 1000cc

The Lamborghini Motorbike was designed in 1984-85 as a result of a close collaboration between Lamborghini and the French leading-edge racing bike constructor Boxer-Bike.

Boxer Bike has been famous since the seventies for their sophisticated racing bikes: hand-built in Toulouse (the French Aircraft and AeroSpace Valley) with extensive use of aerospace-technology, ultra lightweight frames theses motobikes offered the highest performance.

In 1986, in search of expansion and visersification, Lamborghini decided that a motorbike would bear their name. Boxer was the only partner capable of building the ambitious, ultra-expensive Lamborghini Design 90, powered by a state-of-the-art, 4-cam, 4 valve per cylinder straight-4 Kawasaki engine.

The price was twice as high as the most famous high-end motorbike of the period. This outrageous price factor, in addition to the extremely limited series - Lamborghini announced that 20 to 25 would be built, but only a handful were actually completed - contributed to establish the myth of the Lamborghini bike. Chief Engineer for this bike was Claude Fior, famous for his unique high-tech racing bikes. Fior unfortunately died young a few years ago in aircraft accident.

an estimated 130 HP for 170 kg, and with its radical shapes, this bike was a dream for millions of enthusiasts. Five to possibly six of these exclusive motorbikes were ever built with the complete fiberglass dramatically aerodynamic bodywork, inspired by the world-famous "25th Anniversary" Countach. One is still owned by one of the founders of Boxer-Bikes.

The market value of theses bikes, in perfect order, are estimated bewteen $50,000 and $70,000 USD (£30,000 - £40,000).

Honda CBR 600RR Fireblade

On track or road, the CBR600RR is destined to revolutionise the Super Sports sector, much the same as its incredible RCV inspiration.
In its first season the RC211V won its debut race and has cntinued to dominate the new MotoGP racing series. In racing terms, you might say, the RC211V has taken control! Now it's the turn of the CBR600RR!

Fischer MRX 650

The Fischer MRX 650 is an American sportsbike powered by a Korean made Hyosung engine. The 77 horsepower V-twin engine is fitted to a American designed chassis, covered by a hand laid fiberglass (or carbon fibre) fairing designed by an Englishman, Glynn Kerr.

The Fischer MRX 650 can be equipped with a variety of performance parts straight from the factory, including:- Micron race can- Brembo four piston brake calipers- ultra-lightweight cast alloy wheels- carbon rear air diffuser- race style belly pan- Ohlins front forks